Bread and Circus

An online journal of culture

Category: feminism

Strong Women Make Better Dessert

by Editors

SCREEN

Strong Women Make Better Dessert:

The Power of the Female Characters in American Pie

By Erin Dionne

It’s as American as, well, apple pie. Sex and teen films go together like whipped cream and a frat party. The contemporary teen sex romp has been around for decades—remember Porky’s and Losin’ It?—but none of them have hit a nerve with their audience like the American Pie franchise. Whether it was Jason Biggs’ physical comedy, Finch’s anal persona, or Stifler’s lewd and rude nature, the first movie hit big—grossing over $100 million at the box office in 1999. But although the plot follows the boys quest to lose their virginity, it’s the female characters in the film who help elevatAmerican Pie --available from Amazon.come the original American Pie not to the level of high art, but at least to a place that twists conventional expectations. Without them, Pie would be just another sticky, unsatisfying, empty-calorie dessert.

American Pie, for those who haven’t seen it, revolves around four male friends about to graduate from high school. Oz, Kevin, Jim, and Finch don’t want to leave their high school years behind as virgins, and so make a pact to sleep with someone by prom. The only problem is that, outside of Kevin, the other three guys don’t have girlfriends and must start their pursuits from scratch. Stifler, an obnoxious hanger-on, claims to have the most experience of the group, though offers more commentary than help—and from his overblown attitude and lack of finesse, it’s clear that he’s lying. All in all, typical teen fare represented by the guys’ view of sex as uncomplicated and straightforward. As prom grows nearer, and the main characters grow desperate, hilarity ensues.

Even though the cameras follow the boys, it’s the female characters who reveal the film’s real story. They are the ones who ultimately say who, when, and where. It’s the case in nearly every teen movie, of course–without consent from the second participant, there is no lovin’ for our heroes (and the sex comedy would take on a dark, violent mantel). But in American Pie, the plot is not just about how the boys get the girls to accept their advances—indeed, it’s about what the girls teach the guys in the process: that sex is anything buy straightforward, and there’s no such thing as “uncomplicated.”

Tara Reid’s character, Vicky, has been dating Kevin (Thomas Ian Nicholas) for quite a while. He wants to sleep with her, but she wants to know he loves her—which stops him in his tracks.

Oz (Chris Klein), in trying to scope out someone who doesn’t know his lacrosse-playing jock side, ends up legitimately falling for Mena Suvari’s “choir girl,” Heather, and swiftly sees the value in keeping their relationship—and sex life—private.

Stifler (Seann William Scott), in his refusal to learn from the women around him, reminds the audience that not all men—especially teenage boys—understand the dynamics at play between love and sex. So focused on getting laid, his bravado, innuendo, and lewd remarks drive every girl away from him. He’s left with sickening rage as Finch (Eddie Kaye Thomas) sleeps with his mother (Jennifer Coolidge)—proof that Finch’s relative emotional maturity can attract a bigger prize than Stifler will ever attain.

But it’s Jason Biggs character, Jim, who suffers and succeeds the most with the women in the story. At its outset, he views women as merely vehicles for sex—objectifying them by masturbating to the scrambled porn channel and stripping them of personality or humanity as he obsesses over them. In his first major wake-up call, foreign exchange student Nadia (Shannon Elizabeth), object of his obsession, causes him to humiliate himself not once, but twice, in the midst of their tryst. The scene is all the more poetic as Nadia is unaware that the interlude has been staged for the high school population’s viewing pleasure via Jim’s web cam. It’s not until the end of the film, when flaky and annoying Michelle (Alyson Hannigan) not only agrees to sleep with him, but dominates their encounter (uttering the memorable “Say my name, bitch!”) and leaves him, does Jim realize that sex—and women—are more complicated than he ever imagined.

In each case, having the teenaged girls dictate the terms of the encounter not only imbues the guys’ struggle with humor, it also makes the story resonate. Kevin, Finch, Oz, and Jim may be out to “get some,” but what they end up with is far different from their initial expectations. The girls end up getting even more. They begin to understand their sexuality, develop an awareness of the choices they have and can make, and exert a measure of power in their relationships.

Teen sex romps rarely offer feminist undertones, or feature more than the stereotypical blonde bombshell characterizations of women (or if they do, it is through the archaic angel/slut representation, with one “chosen” virtuous woman represented throughout the film is the prize for the hero). After all, there’s plenty of humor to be found in men chasing women and tricking them to fall into bed, or hapless heroines being swept off their feet by a deceptive hero…or so I’ve heard. But pitting powerful women—even to the extent that they don’t know they are powerful— making their own decisions, against a group of guys ups the ante for the audience. And Pie is all the more sweet for it.

_________________________
Erin Dionne, co-editor of Bread and Circus, is the author of the novel Models Dont Eat Chocolate Cookies from Dial Books for Young Readers. Available in spring 2009.

Image (above): The cover of American Pie on DVD (Universal Studios). Available at Amazon.com.

Cindy Sherman: Her “History Portrait” Series as Post-Modern Parody

by Editors

THE ART WORLD

Cindy Sherman: Her “History Portrait” Series as Post-Modern Parody Book cover-Cindy Sherman History Portraits -- buy from Amazon.com

By Kimberlee A. Cloutier-Blazzard, Bread and Circus senior contributing writer

M
uch ink has been spilled over the work of American photographer Cindy Sherman. Born in New Jersey in 1954, Sherman’s artistic career began in New York City in the 1970’s; she is perhaps best known for using herself as the subject of her photographs. That said, her works are not self-portraits in the traditional sense, for she adopts diverse personae (from the Latin for the “masks” used in drama) by donning make-up, setting herself before elaborate backdrops and wearing fanciful dress. Even in childhood, Sherman’s brothers and sisters recollect her often playing dress-up. In fact, she has continued to dress in costumes as a hobby (even in public) ever since. (See note 1)

Her “History Portrait” series of thirty-five photographs is particularly interesting for its blend of Post-Modern consciousness with timeless masterpieces of European masters. She created the group during the years 1989 and 1990 while she was living in Rome with her now ex-husband, the French film-maker Michel Auder. (note 2) Though nearly twenty years old, the series remains a classic; just this summer a multi-artist show at the Pulitzer Foundation for the Arts in St. Louis included some of her “History Portraits” in their exhibition “Portrait/Homage/Embodiment.”

The images in the “History” series either relate directly to images in classical European painting (the so-called Old Masters), or relate more generally to types found during that period. Although she created the series in (arguably) Europe’s greatest living museum, La Città Eterna (the Eternal City), incredibly she claims that she derived her inspiration vicariously. She’s been quoted as saying,

When I was doing those history pictures I was living in Rome but never went to the churches and museums there. I worked out of books, with reproductions. It’s an aspect of photography I appreciate conceptually: the idea that images can be reproduced and seen anytime, anywhere, by anyone. (note 3)

That said, the photos remain original conceptions, loosely based upon—but not duplicates of—original works.

Sherman began work on the series, apparently, as a commission to create images for use on Limoges porcelain plates. Duly inspired, she continued in that vein, making images in celebration of the two-hundredth anniversary of the French Revolution of 1789. (note 4) At the opening of her corresponding show at Metro Pictures Gallery in New York, the photos were printed on a large scale and were hung in ornate gold frames—much like classic European paintings are hung in museums.

Though primarily a photographer/film-maker now, her attraction to painting began early in her life; as a school-aged child she often created drawings and paintings. In fact, contrary to what one might assume, photography did not even come naturally to her; in the early Seventies Sherman actually failed her first undergraduate course in photography. She also has claimed that she never did well in Art History where she had problems memorizing names and dates. (note 5) Downplaying her art-historical savvy, she’s said,

I’m illiterate in the historical, classic knowledge of photography, the stuff teachers attempted to bore into my head, which I resisted. The way I’ve always tried to cull information from older art and put it into my work is that I view it all anonymously, on a visceral level. (note 6)

She really blossomed artistically after graduating and moving to Manhattan. In 1983, she recalled a pivotal, painting-related inspiration for her unique approach to photography: “I had all this make-up. I just wanted to see how transformed I could look. It was like painting in a way.” (note 7)

Most art historians like to discuss Cindy Sherman’s photos in terms of a Feminist critique of the “male gaze”. Feminist art criticism assumes that the making of art—as well as its iconography and reception by viewers—is gender-influenced. (note 8 ) As a Feminist, therefore, Sherman’s work would serve to challenge the traditional male view of women’s roles in art and society. (note 9) In part, I agree that Sherman explores the changing face of women’s roles in history. In doing research on her “History Portrait” series, however, I became inspired to follow a new tack. Read the rest of this entry »

Love Her or Hate Her

by Editors

Love Her or Hate Her: The Feminism of Courtney Love

By Kathleen Ginder-Vogel, Contributing Writer

In April 1992, Sassy magazine’s cover article by Christina Kelly, titled “Kurt and Courtney Sitting in a Tree,” began, “The lead singer of NIRVANA and the lead singer of HOLE are getting married. They’re buying a Victorian house in Seattle and want to have a BABY. It is so nice to see a multiplatinum rock star in LOVE with an opinionated, feminist, ambitious ROCKER, not some supermodel in a BOOB TRAY.” Two years later, Cobain and Love had married and had a child, Nirvana was famous, and Hole launched their first album to achieve mainstream popularity a week after Kurt Cobain shot himself in the head. Courtney Love continued her career and continued to be controversial, consistently asserting her feminism in song lyrics and standing out as one of the few successful female rock musicians in the world.

Born to Linda Carroll and Hank Harrison in 1964, Love had four different father figures and seven siblings, moved eight times, switched schools eleven times, and was sent away to Hillcrest Correctional Facility at sixteen, after which she lived with friends and worked as a stripper. She learned guitar, wrote songs, sang with Faith No More, founded Babes in Toyland with Kat Bjelland in 1985, acted in Straight to Hell and Sid and Nancy, and and formed Hole in the late 1980’s, around the time she met Kurt Cobain. Hole released Pretty on the Inside to positive reviews in 1991, and Love and Cobain began dating. After their marriage, Lynn Hirschberg of Vanity Fair published Love’s comment that she had used heroin at the beginning of her pregnancy, which resulted in Frances Bean Cobain being removed from her parents for three months after her birth. Just after this upheaval, Hole recorded Live Through This, released on April 11, 1994, weeks after Cobain’s suicide at the height of Nirvana’s fame.

“Violet,” the first track on Live Through This, features Love’s powerful voice and aggressive lyrics. The song begins tunefully and takes a turn when Love sings, “You should learn when to go / you should learn how to say no.” The music gets more aggressive as Love continues, “when they get what they want / they never want it again,” and the chorus roars, “Go on, take everything, take everything, / I want you to, / go on take everything, take everything, / I dare you to.” The song asserts that women often feel used, objectified, and vulnerable, a theme not often tackled by male rock musicians. The video combines images of female innocence and corruption with empowering footage of Love playing guitar and singing with her band, three of whose members are respected female rock musicians.

“Awful,” on Hole’s 1998 album Celebrity Skin, again addresses female objectification, focusing this time on the record industry’s marketing of female pop stars, marketing to girls, and control over musicians: “And they royalty rate all the girls like you / And they sell it out to the girls like you / To incorporate little girls.” Love’s lyrics also refer to male bullying and manipulation: “They know how to break all the girls like you / and they rob the souls of the girls like you / and they break the souls of the girls.” The song ends on a note of strength, however: “If the world is so wrong / Yeah you can break them all / with one song / If the world is so wrong / Yeah you can take it all / with one song / Swing low sweet cherry / Make it awful / They bought it all, just build a new one / Make it beautiful…yeah.”

Love continued to act and make music, but her drug use and controversial public behavior cost her custody of her daughter twice more. Hole disbanded, and Love’s solo album, America’s Sweetheart, was not a huge hit. However, its single, “Mono,” an anthem to female rock musicians, is yet another example of Love’s feminist lyrics. Love snarls, “Well they say that rock is dead / And they’re probably right / 99 girls in the pit / Did it have to come to this,” suggesting that women bring something unique to rock and reminding us how few women play rock instruments or even attend rock shows. Love continues, “Oh God you owe me one more song / so I can prove to you that / I’m so much better than him.” Recorded with an all-female band, “Mono” is an inspiring reminder that women can rock, producing a unique sound that is a contribution to the world of rock music.

Courtney Love is one of the few women of her generation to play her own feminist rock songs on electric guitar. Her lyrical focus on women’s issues and her outspoken feminism are all too rare in the rock world. Say what you will about Love’s personality, her inappropriate behavior, or even the quality of her singing voice. She is worthy of respect among those committed to women’s issues, because her lyrics assert a rarely-expressed rock and roll feminism that is aggressive, unapologetic, and inspiring to feminist musicians like me.
______________________

Kathleen Ginder-Vogel owns the freelance writing business Poppy Communications and plays drums and electric bass.